Occupational risk resulting from psychosocial threats in customer service departments Lidia Cukrowska, p. 5-9 The impact of leadership style on employees’ mental wellbeing Zofia Mockałło, p. 10-13 Chemical agents in hair salons – hazards and prevention Małgorzata Szewczyńska, Elżbieta Dobrzyńska, Małgorzata Pośniak, Anna Jeżewska, p. 14-17 Hazards caused by chemical agents at selected workstations in the shoe industry Zbigniew Makles, Wojciech Domański, p. 18-21 Programs and IT tools for personal protective equipment Małgorzata Piętka, p. 22-23 Electromagnetic fields in medicine – the history of the first experiments Andrzej Krawczyk, Ewa Łada-Tondyra, p. 24-26 Death at a guarded swimming place – a lifeguard’s fault or a weakness of the training system? Iwona Michniewicz, Romuald Michniewicz, p. 28-30 Occupational risk resulting from psychosocial threats in customer service departments Lidia Cukrowska Occupational risk assessment makes it possible to take appropriate measures to ensure safe and healthy working conditions. A customer service job is considered to be very stressful. Micro-companies, which account for 94.7% of all enterprises registered in the REGON system, generating approximately 29.8% of GDP and employ nearly 39% of employees, do usually not treat this problem very seriously. The impact of leadership style on employees’ mental wellbeing Zofia Mockałło This article presents models of transformation and transaction leadership and their impact on employees’ mental wellbeing. Both transformation and transaction leadership styles are connected with a lower stress level and employees’ good state of mind. Transaction leadership is less directly related to positive results: it has lesser impact on stress reduction compared to the transformation style, and it indirectly strengthens alienation at work. Chemical agents in hair salons – hazards and prevention Małgorzata Szewczyńska, Elżbieta Dobrzyńska, Małgorzata Pośniak, Anna Jeżewska This article discusses chemical factors in hair salons. It presents hazardous chemical substances mostly found in hair stylists’ daily activities and when they disinfect tools. Finally, the article discusses the results of occupational exposure assessment at selected workstations, obtained within a task conducted by CIOP-PIB as part of state services. Hazards caused by chemical agents at selected workstations in the shoe industry Zbigniew Makles, Wojciech Domański Chemical compounds are among the many threats present at workstations in the shoe industry. Glues for combining elements of a shoe as well as preparations for producing soles with vulcanization, injection and formation are sources of the chemical substances emitted into the air. This article presents threats at selected workstations and methods of either eliminating or reducing them. Programs and IT tools for personal protective equipment Małgorzata Piętka This article presents the most recent versions of programs and IT tools generated at CIOP-PIB, which provide current information on personal protective equipment with EC type-examination certificates granted by the Institute. The information input into these tools can be useful to employers in a proper selection of personal protective equipment appropriate to threats present at workplaces. Electromagnetic fields in medicine – the history of the first experiments Andrzej Krawczyk, Ewa Łada-Tondyra The first effective experiments in electromagnetic stimulations of human tissues took place in the second half of the 19th century. Two scientists, Jacques-Arsene d’Arsonval and Silvanus P. Thompson, both born in 1851, were responsible for them. They created the foundations for therapeutical action of electromagnetic fields. They also discovered a phenomenon called magnetophosphenes. Those experiments are of great importance for present activity in bioelectromagnetics. Death at a guarded swimming place – a lifeguard’s fault or a weakness of the training system? Iwona Michniewicz, Romuald Michniewicz Every year water takes a heavy toll of human lives. The most difficult to accept are those happening at swimming places (swimming pools, aquaparks) with perfectly clear water, not deep and moreover with a qualified lifeguards on duty. Those tragedies are called "accidents" and full responsibility is put on lifeguards. The authors of this article are trying to show one of the main reasons (still missing in training Polish lifeguards) of death in swimming places guarded by trained lifeguard staff.